Flat Foot (Pes Planus)
Comprehensive diagnosis, symptoms, causes, and treatment options
What is Flat Foot (Pes Planus)?
Flat foot is a condition in which the natural arch of the foot collapses or is absent, leading to altered foot mechanics and uneven load distribution. While some individuals remain asymptomatic, others develop pain, fatigue, and progressive deformity that benefit from expert evaluation and tailored care.
Symptoms
- Foot and ankle pain, especially along the inner arch
- Fatigue with prolonged standing or walking
- Swelling around the inner ankle
- Difficulty walking on uneven surfaces
- Progressive change in foot shape or shoe wear
Causes
- Congenital absence or weakness of the arch
- Degeneration or dysfunction of the posterior tibial tendon
- Ligament laxity or age-related changes
- Previous foot or ankle injuries
- Inflammatory or neuromuscular conditions
Treatment Options
Management depends on symptom severity and foot flexibility.
Non-Surgical Management
Custom-designed orthotics to support the arch
Targeted physiotherapy to strengthen supporting muscles
Footwear optimization and activity modification
Anti-inflammatory measures
Surgical Solutions
For progressive or painful deformities:
Reconstructive foot surgery to restore alignment
Tendon balancing and joint-preserving procedures
Fusion procedures in advanced stages